Glucotrol XL: The Mechanism of Action
Glucotrol XL is a peroral hypoglycemic medicine of a sulfonylurea type with pancreatic and extra-pancreatic effects. The main agent of this medicine is glipizide, often used to treat diabetes type 2 along with diet, exercises and sometimes insulin therapy. It stimulates insulin secretion by decreasing the stimulation threshold of the pancreatic beta-cells by the blood glucose. Insulin helps turn the food you consume into energy. It is done by using glucose in the blood as quick energy. Sulfonylureas help insulin get into the cells where it exerts its effect of lowering blood sugar levels.
Glucotrol XL increases the body's sensitivity to insulin and facilitates its connection to the target-cells, increases insulin release, enhances its influence on absorption of glucose by the muscles and the liver and inhibits lipolysis in the adipose tissues. The intensity of possible hypoglycemic effects depends on the number of functioning beta-cells. Glucotrol XL is known to be a hypolipidemic and fibrinolytic agent. Besides, Glucotrol XL has a mild diuretic effect. Thus, this anti-diabetic medicine produces multilateral effects helping maintain your physical state even if you already have certain signs of developing diabetic complications.
The hypoglycemic activity of Glucotrol XL begins approximately in 30 minutes after food intake. The peak of its action is 1,5 hours after intake. The overall duration of action reaches 20-24 hours. Usually Glucotrol XL is taken once daily before or with breakfast. It is recommended to take Glucotrol XL at the same time of the day to work out a pattern of your body's reaction to this medicine.
Taking Glucotrol XL requires certain measures of precaution. A diabetes sufferer should regularly control glucose levels on an empty stomach and then check its postprandial levels. The dose correction may be necessary in case of suprarenal deficiency, thyroid gland diseases (hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis), under physical or emotional strain, or on condition of changes of your dietary habits.
The most typical contraindications include diabetic ketoacidosis, a comatose condition brought about either by hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, fever, traumas, surgeries, pregnancy, especially the prenatal period, and the period of breast feeding.
Besides, it is worth special attention that Glucotrol XL may make your skin more sensitive to the sun. That is why if you are on Glucotrol XL, it is highly advisable to avoid prolonged sun exposure, tanning booths or sunlamps. It is better to wear protective clothes to cover your skin against sun damage.
The dosage depends on many factors, including the age of a patient, the severity of the disease and its complications, levels of glucose concentration in the blood and the urine and overall response to the therapy. The initial daily dose is 5 mg. The maximum single dose is 15 mg.
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